In vitro effects of malathion and O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

Oral administration of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS), an impurity present in technical formulations of malathion, has been shown to be associated with a high incidence of pneumonia in rats and to be highly immunosuppressive in mice. Based on these findings, an in vitro model was established to study the effect of this and other organophosphorus compounds on murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The organophosphorus compounds were tested for their ability to block in vitro generation of CTL responses to alloantigen and/or the expression of these cytotoxic responses. Responses were generated in C57Bl/6 (H-2^b) spleen cells to mitomycin C-blocked P815 (H-2^d) tumor cells. The cytotoxicity of the cultured splenocytes to P815 target was measured using a 4-hr chromium release assay. These data demonstrated that malathion was able to block the ability of splenocytes to sensitize to P815 at concentrations as low as 25 μg/ml, but was not able to block the expression of cytotoxicity by mature killer T cells. The same was true for OOS which had been activated by preincubation with rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS). Activated OOS blocked the generation of CTL responses at concentrations as low as 75 μg/ml while having no effect on mature cytotoxic cells. In fact, both malathion and activated OOS were no longer able to suppress CTL responses if treatment was performed as early as 24 hr after exposure to antigen. Additionally, it was demonstrated that when malathion was preincubated with PMS it was no longer suppressive and that OOS without activation failed to suppress CTL responses.     

关于郭店简《老子》三组简文的传本问题

郭店一号墓墓主时代,可能尚处于《老子》传本的广泛搜罗而有待整合的阶段,因此《老子》甲、乙、丙三组可以视为郭店一号墓墓主人的三种不同搜罗本。今本《老子》的成书可能在郭店一号墓之后与韩非卒年之间,即从公元前300年到230年之间。     

质点系对任意点的动量矩定理及其应用

本文详细推导了质点系对于任意点的动量矩定理，该定理具有普遍性，由它可以导出质点系对于定点、质心、刚体作平面运动时速度瞬心的动量矩定理。运用这些定理可以很方便地求解某些问题。     

Einfluss selektiver mechanischer Fruchtbehangsregulierung auf Ethylensynthese als Stressindikator sowie Ertrag und Fruchtqualität bei Kernobst

The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C₂H₄/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.     

对公路桥头跳车原因与防治浅见

分析了桥头跳车的危害及原因,论述了软土地基加固处理、桥头搭板刚柔过渡、台背填料的选择等综合治理桥头跳车的方法和经验。     

从国内外林木育种进展谈福建省林木育种工作

本文回顾了国内林木育种工作的进展情况，介绍了林业发达国家林木育种的特点，并对福建省林木育种工作提出建议。     

叶用银杏半同胞家系苗期性状生长动态及苗期选择

对银杏2年生苗苗高、地径生长过程运用Logistic方程进行模拟，相关系数均在0．97以上，银杏高生长在萌芽展叶后直接进入速生期，地径生长速生期开始与结束均要晚于苗高生长速生期，不同家系苗高、地径生长速生期的停止期差异较大。银杏苗期叶片的叶长、叶宽、单叶干重、单叶鲜重、平均单叶面积等形态指标的年生长节律呈S型曲线、内含物的年变化规律呈双峰型曲线。研究表明：苗高与地径生长的速生期终点、成熟健康叶片的叶面积、9月初的叶片总内酯含量、9月底的叶片总黄酮含量等性状可作为叶用银杏家系苗期选择的重要指标。     

西藏河谷地区几种主要引种杨树苗木生长研究

杨树是西藏河谷地区的主要造林树种．其中北京杨为传统的主栽品种．１９９４年引进毛白杨、中林诸杨和优胜杨进行扦插育苗试验，结果表明，其成活率可达到７０％左右，毛白杨的成活率可达到８７％，与北京杨差异不大．在栽培措施相同的条件下，毛白杨的地径生长量、高生长量、光合速率、总叶面积和最大光合速率，分别比北京杨高１４．２％，２２．３％，２４．６％，４６．１％和６２％．说明在该区引种毛白杨具有发展潜力．     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

白桦胸径和材积生长率相关关系的研究

根据地位指数的大小将白桦林分划分为好、中、差３个类型，通过没类型样地上的解析木资料分析，证明白桦的胸径和材积生长率存在关良好的相关关系。经过优选，建立了不同类型白桦林分的胸径与材积生长率相关模型，并依此编制出白桦一元材积生长率表，为准确预测白桦积生长率提供了理论上的依据。